Understanding AWS Route 53 and DNS

 Understanding AWS Route 53 and DNS – A Simple Explanation

What is Name Resolution?

Name resolution is the process of converting an IP address into a domain name using DNS.

For example:

1.2.3.4  →  www.swiggy.com

This process allows humans to access websites using easy-to-remember domain names instead of numeric IP addresses.

What is DNS?

DNS (Domain Name System) is a global system that translates domain names into IP addresses and vice versa.

  • DNS works on port number 53

  • It uses UDP by default and TCP when required

Domain Name Structure

Example domain: paytm.com

  • .com → Top-Level Domain (TLD)

  • paytm → Second-Level Domain (SLD)

Subdomain example: tickets.paytm.com

  • tickets → Subdomain

  • paytm.com → Main domain

Domain Providers

There are many domain providers available in the market, such as:

  • GoDaddy

  • Hostinger

  • Namecheap

  • Google Domains

These providers allow users to purchase and manage domain names.

What is AWS Route 53?

AWS Route 53 is a scalable and highly available DNS web service provided by Amazon Web Services.

It is used to:

  • Translate domain names to IP addresses

  • Route traffic to AWS resources

  • Manage DNS records efficiently

Creating a Hosted Zone in Route 53

Step 1: Open Route 53

AWS Console → Route 53 → Hosted Zones

Step 2: Create a Hosted Zone

  • Click Create hosted zone

  • Enter the domain name: devopsbyghouse.co.in

  • Select Public Hosted Zone

  • Click Create

Connecting Route 53 to an EC2 Instance

Step 3: Launch an EC2 Server

  • Launch an EC2 instance

  • Deploy an application (Apache or Nginx)

  • Verify the service using the public IP address

Step 4: Create a DNS Record

Inside the hosted zone:

  • Click Create record

  • Record type: A

  • Value: EC2 public IP address

  • Save the record

Step 5: Update Name Servers

  • Log in to your domain provider account

  • Update the domain’s name servers with the Route 53 name servers

  • Save the changes

After DNS propagation, your domain will point to your EC2 server.

Using Load Balancer with Route 53

High Availability Example

  • One EC2 instance in us-east-1a

  • One EC2 instance in us-east-1b

Step 6: Create a Load Balancer

EC2 → Load Balancers → Create Load Balancer

  • Choose Application Load Balancer

  • Provide a name

  • Select the VPC and subnets

Step 7: Create a Target Group

  • Create a target group

  • Select both EC2 instances

  • Register them as targets

  • Create the load balancer

Step 8: Update the Route 53 Record

  • Go to the hosted zone

  • Edit the record

  • Enable Alias

  • Select the Load Balancer as the target

  • Save the changes

Step 9: Verify DNS Status

  • Status should be Synced

  • Open the domain in a browser

  • The domain now points to the load balancer

Fun DNS Fact

📌 The first domain name registered in history was: symbolics.com

It was registered in 1985.

Conclusion

AWS Route 53 makes DNS management simple, reliable, and scalable.
By integrating Route 53 with EC2 and Load Balancers, we can build highly available and production-ready applications.

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